Something like that as far as details to include? On one of the practice exams there is a question that asks for aĭetailed titration curve. I will often use shorthand terminology and refer to bases as being "monoprotic" to mean that the base can accept only 1 proton or "diprotic" if the base can accept 2 protons. the 3 H's that are connected to carbon are not acidic, only the H attached to oxygen is acidic, so this is a monoprotic acid. Think of the acetic acid you used in lab. Usually it's just a matter of "count the H's" in the formula, but for organic acids (and some others.) there are H's that are not acidic. Phosphoric acid has 3 acidic H+ so it's triprotic. Something like HCl(aq) only has 1 H+ to donate so it's monoprotic. This refers to how many acidic protons (H+) there are on an acid, how many protons can be donated. Quick question, what does it mean to be diprotic or monoprotic? And how do you know if something is diprotic monoprotic? So when we're using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation correctly for buffer calculations, we can often just use the ratio of moles rather than the ratio of concentrations because it gives the same answer.Ī couple questions have trickled in to my email box. If I just use moles, the ratio is (4moles/2moles = 2). The concentration of conjugate base is (4moles/2L = 2M) and the concentration of conjugate acid is (2moles/2L = 1M), so the ratio of conjugate base concentration to conjugate acid concentration is (2M/1M = 2). Let's say we have 2 liters of buffer solution that contains 4 moles of conjugate base and 2 moles of conjugate acid. Let's look at a simpler example of this using simple whole numbers so I don't have to find a calculator. If we wanted to convert both of those moles to molarity, we'd divide each of them by 0.5000L, and you can go ahead and do that if you like, BUT since we're dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same volume, those volumes cancel out (mathematically) and give the same ratio as when we use moles directly. If the observed reaction between a metal ion and aqueous ammonia looks identical to the reaction of that same metal ion with a known hydroxide source, but when I worked through the calculation, I used moles. How do we tell which is which? Whenever possible, by comparison with know reactions. Different metal ions have different affinities for different types of lone pairs, so sometimes when a metal ion is added to aqueous ammonia it forms complexes with ammonia while other times it forms complexes with hydroxide. If we think about the Lewis definitions of acids and bases, this means that floating around in every solution of aqueous ammonia, there are nitrogen-based lone pairs of electrons on ammonia molecules and oxygen-based lone pairs of electrons on hydroxide ions. This means that in any solution of aqueous ammonia, there are both ammonia molecules and hydroxide ions. I had never experienced this type of treatment in all my past years with Adafruit.Įvidently, Adafruit’s current customer service policy has changed from the level it once was in the past.NH 3(aq) + H 2O(l) NH 4 +1(aq) + OH -1(aq) The help I received was very vague, incomplete, and with unsolicited arrogance. I did not ask to you write my complete Sketch.Īlso, I did not intend to give you a platform/post to enable you to brag about your Sketch writing rates. I did ask where the lines would go into my Sketch, and a sample Sketch to see how your vague answers could be combined in a working lookup & print sketch. In the past I had received great technical help and when needed, received great help with coding too. I spent my time creating this post at Adafruit.įor me, customer service was the only reason I continued to purchase Adafruit products. Lcd.setCursor(0,0) // Display Temperature in Cįor us NEW Arduino people, my combination of components and coding are not found anywhere, nor are there directions that show how to combine these different codes to work together in one sketch. #include "utility/Adafruit_PWMServoDriver.h"Īdafruit_RGBLCDShield lcd = Adafruit_RGBLCDShield() Īdafruit_MotorShield AFMS = Adafruit_MotorShield() Īdafruit_StepperMotor *myMotor = AFMS.getStepper(200, 2)
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